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Disclaimers, Copyright, and Credits

Disclaimers

This is an early draft. I haven't proofread; there are plenty of typos and probably some more significant errors as well.

Most pages on this site are currently auto-translated. The autotranslations are intended as a starting point for my manual translations. At best, they are awkward stringing-togethers of words and phrases in the corpus database that can benefit from cleaning up. At worst, they are picking the wrong homograph. Auto-translations are indicated by italics.

I am not a rabbi or an expert. These are my translations, and in some cases I am certainly misunderstanding things.

The Talmud is a document of its time. While the Talmud is a foundational document of Judaism, it must be read in its historical context. There are passages that are xenophobic, sexist, and irreconcilable with modern science. Not everything in these pages represents contemporary Judaism.

Copyright

This translation is protected by copyright. I'm putting a lot of effort into this project. Please respect that by only copying with my permission.

I intend to provide free licenses for most uses. I plan to use a Creative Commons CC-NC-BY-SA license, which will allow you to re-use my translations as long as you don't charge money for them (NC), as long as you give me credit (BY), and as long as you make your derived work available under the same terms (SA). But I'm not ready to do that yet because this is still a very rough work-in-progress.

In the meantime, if you want to re-use this, please contact me. I am willing to discuss re-use on an ad hoc basis. Perhaps the one page you want to use is actually ready for re-use. Ask. I'll probably work out a way to say "yes."

Credits

I need to clean up this section. But for now, I'll note that I've made use of the Hebrew/Aramaic text of the Bavli at Mechon Mamre; Jastrow's dictionary; "The Practical Talmud Dictionary" by Yitzchak Frank. I've also used the big three translations of the Talmud --- Soncino (English), Artscroll (English), and Steinsaltz (Hebrew) --- and the Kehati (English) edition of the Mishna, to help me understand passages before translating them.

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דף ס,א גמרא

we generalize from here that if he bought items and he returned and he bought the words of all are it is not necessary to bless and there are those who say איכא דאמרי Rav Huna said They did not teach such a ruling except in the case that he did not buy and he returned and he bought But in the case where he bought and he returned and he bought it is not necessary to bless And R' Yochanan said: even if he bought and he returned and he bought It is necessary for him to bless we generalize from here he has something and he bought more of it the words of all are It is necessary for him to bless They challenged him from this teaching: He built a new house And he does not have one like it; or he bought new vessels and he does not have ones like them; it is necessary for him to bless. he has ones like them; it is not necessary to bless These are the words of Rabbi Meir. R' Yehuda says: whether like this or whether like that It is necessary for him to bless This is satisfactory to the teaching that came first because that way Rav Huna like Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yochanan like Rabbi Yehudah But rather, to the teaching that was last This is satisfactory only as regards Rav Huna like Rabbi Yehudah But, Rabbi Yochanan who said like who? Not like Rabbi Meir and not like Rabbi Yehudah He could say to you -- Rabbi Yochanan could -- it is the law according to Rabbi Yehudah that one who bought and he returned and he bought again also is required to bless And here is where they disagree: In the case where he has an item, and he bought more of the same to make you acknowledge his strength of Rabbi Meir i.e., how strongly he presses his line of reasoning for even in the case where he bought and he has already the same kind of item He is not required to bless and all the more so he bought and he returned and he bought then it is necessary for him to bless

and do they not disagree in the case of one who bought and he returned and he bought then it is necessary for him to bless to make you acknowledge his strength of R' Yehudah The strength of a permission is preferable to him

One blesses about the evil etc. How so? for example a "freshet" ??? flooded his land Even though it will be that it is good for him ??? the land ??? now from this it is evil. and on the good etc. How so? For example, he found a lost object Even though it will be that it is evil for him in actuality. For if he hears of it -- the king does -- he will take it from him. But now from this it is good.

Our mishnah had said: His wife was preganant and he said May it be Your will that she give birth etc. Behold! This is a prayer without worth The gemara begins its discussion: And ??? not prayers for mercies Rav Yosef challenged this by citing (Gen. 30) and after she gave birth to a daughter and she called her name Dinah. And what is meant by and after Rav said after that she judged -- Leah did -- judgement on herself and she said Twelve tribes are destined to go out from Jacob. Six have gone out from me and four from the maidservants Behold! These are ten. If this one is male, she will not be -- "she" being my sister Rachel -- even as much as one of the maidservants. immediately it was overturned to a daughter as it is said And she called her name Dinah. We do not invoke the doing of miracles to refute the general principle of the mishna. And if you wish, I would say What happened to Leah in the midst of the first forty days it was. As it is taught: three days that are the first He requests -- a person does -- mercies that it not putrefy from three and until forty he requests mercies that it should be male, from forty days and until three months he requests mercies that it should not be a deformed child that resembles a sandal-fish from three months and until six he requests mercies that it should not be stillborn lit., fallen from six and until nine he requests mercies that it should go out of the womb in peace. and who is it who says that effective are these prayers for mercies ? For hey, did not Rabbi Yitzchak the son of Rav Ami say If a man emit seed first she will give birth to a female but if a woman emit seed first she will give birth to a male, As it is said (Lev. 12) a woman For she emitted seed and she gave birth to a male, Here in this case, with what are we dealing? For example, that they emitted seed both at the same time.

The mishna's next example was he was going on the way etc. The gemara begins: The Rabbis taught It once happened to Hillel the elder that he was going on the way and he heard voice of distress in the city he said Certain am I that this is not in the midst of my house. And upon him the scripture says (Ps. 112) from the tidings of evil he does not fear correct is his heart secure in Hashem. Rabba said: Any time that you make an exegisis on this verse from its head to its end you can derive an explanation and from its end to its head you can derive an explanation. From its head to its end you can derive an explanation: "From the tidings of evil he does not fear" What is the reason? "His heart is correct, secure in Hashem." From its end to its head you can derive an explanation: "His heart is correct, secure in Hashem." and therefore "From the tidings of evil he does not fear" There was this student, that he was going in the wake of Rabbi Yishmael the son of Rabbi Yosi in the marketplace of Zion He saw that he came frightened He said to him: You are a sinner! As it is written (Is. 33) "They are affrighted in Zion -- who are? The sinners are!" He said to him: For it is written (Prov. 28) "Happy the person who is frightened continually." He said to him: That is the case in words of Torah it is written Yehudah bar Natan it was. ??? and came secondly in the wake of Rav Hamnunah. He sighed. He said to him: Troubles this guy will bring onto his sould As it is written (Job 3) For the fear I feared has come upon me and what I dreaded has come to me And here is a contradictory proof-text: it is written "Happy the person who is frightened continually." That is written regarding words of Torah. === The next example in the Mishna was: One who enters to a capital city The Gemara begins: The rabbis taught: when he entered What does he say? "May it be Your will before You, Hashem my God, that you bring me in to this city to peace." Once he has entered he says "I acknowledge with thanks before you Hashem my God that you brought me in to this city to peace." When he seeks to go out he says May it be Your will before You, Hashem my God and the God of my fathers that you take me out from this city to peace." Once He went out he says "I acknowledge with thanks before you Hashem my God that you took me out from this city to peace; and in the same way that you took me out to peace, thus in the same way may You lead me to peace, and support me to peace, and cause me to proceed to peace, and deliver me from the hands of any enemy and ambusher on the way" Rav Matna said They did not teach this לא שנו except in a large city which has no laws or capital punishment in it But in a large city where there are laws and capital punishment there it is not needed. lit, we have nothing there. there are those who say איכא דאמרי Rav Matna said even in a large city where there are laws and capital punishment in it because there may be times that he may not find for himself a person who can plead for him his merits.

The Rabbis taught One who enters to the bathhouse says "May it be Your will before You, Adonai my God that you take me out from this and from that which is like it and may not befall me a thing of embarrassment and iniquity and if befall me a thing of embarrassment and iniquity may my death be atonement for all my iniquities" Abayye said: A person should not say thus For one does not open one's mouth to the Satan. for Resh Lakish said: and thus was taught in the name of R' Yosi Always a person must not open his mouth to the Satan. Rav Yosef said What scripture supports this position? As it is written (Is. 1) "With a resemblance ??? like Sodom we were ; to Gemorrah we were equivalent" And what did he reply to them? prophet "Hear ye the word of Adonai rulers of Sodom etc.

When he departs the bathhouse What does he say? Rabbi Acha says: "I acknowledge with thanks before you Adonai my God that you delivered me from the fire lit., the light R' Abahu on my heart My son, ??? among My son, ??? for him a miracle he stood upon a pillar he rescued one hundred and one men with one arm he said this was the meaning of Rav Acha. for thus said Rav Acha

One who enters to have blood let he says "May it be Your will before You, Adonai my God that this procedure should be for me for healing and you shall heal me For a God who heals faithfully are You and Your healing is true because it is not their way i.e., it is not actually in the power of people to heal But rather, it is the case that they are accustomed to let blood. Abayye said: A person should not say thus for it was taught in the academy of Rabbi Yishmael (Ex. 21) "And the healer shall heal" It is from here that we learn that permission is granted to the healer for healing When he arises after the bloodletting What does he say? Rav Acha said Blessed be the One who heals although we don't deserve it.

דף ס,ב גמרא

One who enters ??? the seat says ??? on high." ??? honor ??? Israel ??? from me until ??? I shall do." ??? and Abba ??? Abayye said: A person should not say thus Perhaps ??? for him ??? except Let us say, ??? ??? for me ??? for me until ??? which provides ??? of people For he departs says Blessed be who ??? a person in wisdom ??? in it ??? before a cup ??? one from them or if ??? one from them it would be impossible to stand before you What then does it mean when it says ??? Rav said who heals ??? Shmuel said ??? Abba ??? the World: ??? except who heals all meat Watch out for leading vav And Rav Sheishet said ??? to do Thus said Rabbi ??? Therefore, ??? who heals all meat ??? to do One who enters ??? on his bed says ??? Israel until "V'haya Im Shamoa", And it is said: Blessed be ??? he sleeps on the eyes of ??? on ??? the daughter of well May it be Your will before You, Hashem the God of ??? to peace, and give ??? to suffer lit, to the hands of a commandment and do not ??? to suffer lit, to the hands of transgression and do not ??? to suffer lit, to the hands of Watch out for leading vav he sinned and not to suffer lit, to the hands of iniquity and not to suffer lit, to the hands of ??? and not to suffer lit, to the hands of ??? among the inclination for good and do not ??? among the inclination for ecil and deliver me ??? evil" ??? evil ones and do not ??? evil ones ??? evil ones and shall be my bed Solomon before you And shine the eyes of ??? shall sleep ??? Blessed are You, God. ??? In reality lit: In the world all of it ??? For ??? says the God of breath ??? among that is tahor you ??? among you ??? among And you, a watch-period ??? And you, future ??? from me and to return it among in the future in going The whole time ??? "I acknowledge with thanks before you Hashem the God of and the God of my fathers ??? all ??? "Lord" (Adon) all ??? Blessed are You, God. ??? the dead For "Hear!" the voice of ??? Let us say, Blessed be who he gave ??? understanding." ??? between day or whether night For he opens the eye of Let us say, Blessed be ??? For ??? Let us say, Blessed be permits are forbidden For ??? Let us say, Blessed be ??? For he would stand upright Let us say, Blessed be he stands upright the bent ones." For Watch out for leading vav !! and it came down to the ground Let us say, Blessed be ??? the land on ??? For ??? Let us say, Blessed be ??? For he closes ??? Let us say, Blessed be the one who made for me all ??? For ??? Let us say, Blessed be ??? Israel ??? For ??? on his head Let us say, Blessed be ??? Israel ??? For ??? Let us say, Blessed be who made us holy with His commandments and commanded us ??? For he would place tefillin ??? Let us say, Blessed be who made us holy with His commandments and commanded us ??? tefillin ??? Let us say, Blessed be who made us holy with His commandments and commanded us on the commandments tefillin For washed his hand Let us say, Blessed be who made us holy with His commandments and commanded us on ??? For washed his face Let us say, Blessed be ??? he sleeps ??? May it be Your will before You, Hashem the God of ??? and do not ??? No. to suffer lit, to the hands of Watch out for leading vav he sinned and not to suffer lit, to the hands of iniquity and not to suffer lit, to the hands of ??? and not to suffer lit, to the hands of ??? ??? to you ??? evil" ??? evil" ??? with the inclination for good ??? good ??? the day and with all day ??? and in my eyes." all ??? lovingkindnesses that are good Blessed are You, God. the one who lovingly grants lovingkindnesses that are good to His nation ??? a person is required to bless ??? What then does it mean when it says he is liable to bless on the evil in the same way as he blesses on the good Shall I say in the same way as he blesses on the good the good and the good-doer thus in the same way he makes the blessing on the evil the good and the good-doer For it was taught in a mishna: on tidings of that are good says the good and the good-doer on tidings of evils says Blessed be the true judge Rabba said: No. ??? except ??? he said R' Acha It is because of this: R' Levi What then does it mean when it says he read (Ps. 101) lovingkindness." and statute" an Ashera to you Hashem ??? if lovingkindness." an Ashera and if statute" an Ashera Rabbi Shmuel son of Nachmeni he said from here (Ps. 56) in Hashem. ??? a thing ??? a thing in Hashem. ??? a thing -- this refers to ??? that is good ??? a thing -- this refers to the attribute of ??? Rabbi ??? he said from here (Ps. 116) a cup ??? and in the Name of Hashem I invoke, ??? and in the Name of Hashem I invoke, And the rabbbis say from here (Job 1) Hashem he gave And Hashem ??? Watch out for leading vav !! And it was in that place Hashem ??? Rav Huna said Rav said It is because of this: Rabbi Meir and thus was taught in the name For R' ??? Let a person always be he is regularly accustomed to say all that He performs the Merciful One ??? does he act? This is like of Rabbi ??? it arrived ??? ??? asked No. ??? for him he said all that He performs the Merciful One ??? He went the daughter of in the fields and it was ??? and wine; and a lamp he came ??? he came ??? he came ??? he said all that He performs the Merciful One ??? of him. ??? he came ??? He said to them Is this not They said: Let them go all Just as which does the Holy One, Who is Blessed